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Restoration of Progranulin Expression Rescues Cortical Neuron Generation in an Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Model of Frontotemporal Dementia

Identifieur interne : 000218 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000217; suivant : 000219

Restoration of Progranulin Expression Rescues Cortical Neuron Generation in an Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Model of Frontotemporal Dementia

Auteurs : Susanna Raitano [Belgique] ; Laura Ordovàs [Belgique] ; Louis De Muynck [Belgique] ; Wenting Guo [Belgique] ; Ira Espuny-Camacho [Belgique] ; Martine Geraerts [Belgique] ; Satish Khurana [Belgique] ; Kim Vanuytsel [Belgique] ; Balazs I. T Th [Belgique] ; Thomas Voets [Belgique] ; Rik Vandenberghe [Belgique] ; Toni Cathomen [Allemagne] ; Ludo Van Den Bosch [Belgique] ; Pierre Vanderhaeghen [Belgique] ; Philip Van Damme [Belgique] ; Catherine M. Verfaillie [Belgique]

Source :

RBID : PMC:4297877

Abstract

Summary

To understand how haploinsufficiency of progranulin (PGRN) causes frontotemporal dementia (FTD), we created induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients carrying the GRNIVS1+5G > C mutation (FTD-iPSCs). FTD-iPSCs were fated to cortical neurons, the cells most affected in FTD. Although generation of neuroprogenitors was unaffected, their further differentiation into CTIP2-, FOXP2-, or TBR1-TUJ1 double-positive cortical neurons, but not motorneurons, was significantly decreased in FTD-neural progeny. Zinc finger nuclease-mediated introduction of GRN cDNA into the AAVS1 locus corrected defects in cortical neurogenesis, demonstrating that PGRN haploinsufficiency causes inefficient cortical neuron generation. RNA sequencing analysis confirmed reversal of the altered gene expression profile following genetic correction. We identified the Wnt signaling pathway as one of the top defective pathways in FTD-iPSC-derived neurons, which was reversed following genetic correction. Differentiation of FTD-iPSCs in the presence of a WNT inhibitor mitigated defective corticogenesis. Therefore, we demonstrate that PGRN haploinsufficiency hampers corticogenesis in vitro.


Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.12.001
PubMed: 25556567
PubMed Central: 4297877


Affiliations:


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<name sortKey="Cathomen, Toni" sort="Cathomen, Toni" uniqKey="Cathomen T" first="Toni" last="Cathomen">Toni Cathomen</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff12">Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center, 79108 Freiburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
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<name sortKey="Van Den Bosch, Ludo" sort="Van Den Bosch, Ludo" uniqKey="Van Den Bosch L" first="Ludo" last="Van Den Bosch">Ludo Van Den Bosch</name>
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<name sortKey="Van Damme, Philip" sort="Van Damme, Philip" uniqKey="Van Damme P" first="Philip" last="Van Damme">Philip Van Damme</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff3">Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven</wicri:regionArea>
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<nlm:aff id="aff4">Research Group Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
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<nlm:aff id="aff5">Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB Vesalius Research Center, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
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<region type="province" nuts="2">Province du Brabant flamand</region>
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<nlm:aff id="aff14">Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Verfaillie, Catherine M" sort="Verfaillie, Catherine M" uniqKey="Verfaillie C" first="Catherine M." last="Verfaillie">Catherine M. Verfaillie</name>
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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Restoration of Progranulin Expression Rescues Cortical Neuron Generation in an Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Model of Frontotemporal Dementia</title>
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<name sortKey="Raitano, Susanna" sort="Raitano, Susanna" uniqKey="Raitano S" first="Susanna" last="Raitano">Susanna Raitano</name>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Ordovas, Laura" sort="Ordovas, Laura" uniqKey="Ordovas L" first="Laura" last="Ordovàs">Laura Ordovàs</name>
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<name sortKey="De Muynck, Louis" sort="De Muynck, Louis" uniqKey="De Muynck L" first="Louis" last="De Muynck">Louis De Muynck</name>
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<name sortKey="Guo, Wenting" sort="Guo, Wenting" uniqKey="Guo W" first="Wenting" last="Guo">Wenting Guo</name>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Espuny Camacho, Ira" sort="Espuny Camacho, Ira" uniqKey="Espuny Camacho I" first="Ira" last="Espuny-Camacho">Ira Espuny-Camacho</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff6">Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
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<region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region>
<settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement>
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<region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region>
<settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff8">VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven</wicri:regionArea>
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<settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement>
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<wicri:regionArea>Center of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven</wicri:regionArea>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Geraerts, Martine" sort="Geraerts, Martine" uniqKey="Geraerts M" first="Martine" last="Geraerts">Martine Geraerts</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff1">Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
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<settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement>
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<nlm:aff id="aff2">Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
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<settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Khurana, Satish" sort="Khurana, Satish" uniqKey="Khurana S" first="Satish" last="Khurana">Satish Khurana</name>
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<settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
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<settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vanuytsel, Kim" sort="Vanuytsel, Kim" uniqKey="Vanuytsel K" first="Kim" last="Vanuytsel">Kim Vanuytsel</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff2">Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
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<settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="T Th, Balazs I" sort="T Th, Balazs I" uniqKey="T Th B" first="Balazs I." last="T Th">Balazs I. T Th</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff10">Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Voets, Thomas" sort="Voets, Thomas" uniqKey="Voets T" first="Thomas" last="Voets">Thomas Voets</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff10">Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Vandenberghe, Rik" sort="Vandenberghe, Rik" uniqKey="Vandenberghe R" first="Rik" last="Vandenberghe">Rik Vandenberghe</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff3">Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Cathomen, Toni" sort="Cathomen, Toni" uniqKey="Cathomen T" first="Toni" last="Cathomen">Toni Cathomen</name>
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<nlm:aff id="aff11">Institute for Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center, 79108 Freiburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center, 79108 Freiburg</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff12">Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center, 79108 Freiburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center, 79108 Freiburg</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
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<name sortKey="Van Den Bosch, Ludo" sort="Van Den Bosch, Ludo" uniqKey="Van Den Bosch L" first="Ludo" last="Van Den Bosch">Ludo Van Den Bosch</name>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Vanderhaeghen, Pierre" sort="Vanderhaeghen, Pierre" uniqKey="Vanderhaeghen P" first="Pierre" last="Vanderhaeghen">Pierre Vanderhaeghen</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff13">Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), 1070 Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
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<name sortKey="Van Damme, Philip" sort="Van Damme, Philip" uniqKey="Van Damme P" first="Philip" last="Van Damme">Philip Van Damme</name>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Verfaillie, Catherine M" sort="Verfaillie, Catherine M" uniqKey="Verfaillie C" first="Catherine M." last="Verfaillie">Catherine M. Verfaillie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="province" nuts="2">Province du Brabant flamand</region>
<settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="province" nuts="2">Province du Brabant flamand</region>
<settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement>
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</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Stem Cell Reports</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2213-6711</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
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</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<title>Summary</title>
<p>To understand how haploinsufficiency of progranulin (PGRN) causes frontotemporal dementia (FTD), we created induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients carrying the
<italic>GRN</italic>
<sup>IVS1+5G > C</sup>
mutation (FTD-iPSCs). FTD-iPSCs were fated to cortical neurons, the cells most affected in FTD. Although generation of neuroprogenitors was unaffected, their further differentiation into CTIP2-, FOXP2-, or TBR1-TUJ1 double-positive cortical neurons, but not motorneurons, was significantly decreased in FTD-neural progeny. Zinc finger nuclease-mediated introduction of
<italic>GRN</italic>
cDNA into the
<italic>AAVS1</italic>
locus corrected defects in cortical neurogenesis, demonstrating that PGRN haploinsufficiency causes inefficient cortical neuron generation. RNA sequencing analysis confirmed reversal of the altered gene expression profile following genetic correction. We identified the Wnt signaling pathway as one of the top defective pathways in FTD-iPSC-derived neurons, which was reversed following genetic correction. Differentiation of FTD-iPSCs in the presence of a WNT inhibitor mitigated defective corticogenesis. Therefore, we demonstrate that PGRN haploinsufficiency hampers corticogenesis in vitro.</p>
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<name sortKey="Takahashi, K" uniqKey="Takahashi K">K. Takahashi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tanabe, K" uniqKey="Tanabe K">K. Tanabe</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ohnuki, M" uniqKey="Ohnuki M">M. Ohnuki</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Narita, M" uniqKey="Narita M">M. Narita</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ichisaka, T" uniqKey="Ichisaka T">T. Ichisaka</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tomoda, K" uniqKey="Tomoda K">K. Tomoda</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yamanaka, S" uniqKey="Yamanaka S">S. Yamanaka</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Damme, P" uniqKey="Van Damme P">P. Van Damme</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Hoecke, A" uniqKey="Van Hoecke A">A. Van Hoecke</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lambrechts, D" uniqKey="Lambrechts D">D. Lambrechts</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vanacker, P" uniqKey="Vanacker P">P. Vanacker</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bogaert, E" uniqKey="Bogaert E">E. Bogaert</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Swieten, J" uniqKey="Van Swieten J">J. van Swieten</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Carmeliet, P" uniqKey="Carmeliet P">P. Carmeliet</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Den Bosch, L" uniqKey="Van Den Bosch L">L. Van Den Bosch</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Robberecht, W" uniqKey="Robberecht W">W. Robberecht</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Swieten, J C" uniqKey="Van Swieten J">J.C. van Swieten</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Heutink, P" uniqKey="Heutink P">P. Heutink</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wexler, E M" uniqKey="Wexler E">E.M. Wexler</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Paucer, A" uniqKey="Paucer A">A. Paucer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kornblum, H I" uniqKey="Kornblum H">H.I. Kornblum</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Palmer, T D" uniqKey="Palmer T">T.D. Palmer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Geschwind, D H" uniqKey="Geschwind D">D.H. Geschwind</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Belgique</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li>
<li>District de Fribourg-en-Brisgau</li>
<li>Province du Brabant flamand</li>
<li>Vienne (Autriche)</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Fribourg-en-Brisgau</li>
<li>Louvain</li>
<li>Vienne (Autriche)</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université libre de Bruxelles</li>
</orgName>
</list>
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<country name="Belgique">
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<name sortKey="Raitano, Susanna" sort="Raitano, Susanna" uniqKey="Raitano S" first="Susanna" last="Raitano">Susanna Raitano</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="De Muynck, Louis" sort="De Muynck, Louis" uniqKey="De Muynck L" first="Louis" last="De Muynck">Louis De Muynck</name>
<name sortKey="De Muynck, Louis" sort="De Muynck, Louis" uniqKey="De Muynck L" first="Louis" last="De Muynck">Louis De Muynck</name>
<name sortKey="De Muynck, Louis" sort="De Muynck, Louis" uniqKey="De Muynck L" first="Louis" last="De Muynck">Louis De Muynck</name>
<name sortKey="Espuny Camacho, Ira" sort="Espuny Camacho, Ira" uniqKey="Espuny Camacho I" first="Ira" last="Espuny-Camacho">Ira Espuny-Camacho</name>
<name sortKey="Espuny Camacho, Ira" sort="Espuny Camacho, Ira" uniqKey="Espuny Camacho I" first="Ira" last="Espuny-Camacho">Ira Espuny-Camacho</name>
<name sortKey="Espuny Camacho, Ira" sort="Espuny Camacho, Ira" uniqKey="Espuny Camacho I" first="Ira" last="Espuny-Camacho">Ira Espuny-Camacho</name>
<name sortKey="Espuny Camacho, Ira" sort="Espuny Camacho, Ira" uniqKey="Espuny Camacho I" first="Ira" last="Espuny-Camacho">Ira Espuny-Camacho</name>
<name sortKey="Geraerts, Martine" sort="Geraerts, Martine" uniqKey="Geraerts M" first="Martine" last="Geraerts">Martine Geraerts</name>
<name sortKey="Geraerts, Martine" sort="Geraerts, Martine" uniqKey="Geraerts M" first="Martine" last="Geraerts">Martine Geraerts</name>
<name sortKey="Guo, Wenting" sort="Guo, Wenting" uniqKey="Guo W" first="Wenting" last="Guo">Wenting Guo</name>
<name sortKey="Guo, Wenting" sort="Guo, Wenting" uniqKey="Guo W" first="Wenting" last="Guo">Wenting Guo</name>
<name sortKey="Guo, Wenting" sort="Guo, Wenting" uniqKey="Guo W" first="Wenting" last="Guo">Wenting Guo</name>
<name sortKey="Khurana, Satish" sort="Khurana, Satish" uniqKey="Khurana S" first="Satish" last="Khurana">Satish Khurana</name>
<name sortKey="Khurana, Satish" sort="Khurana, Satish" uniqKey="Khurana S" first="Satish" last="Khurana">Satish Khurana</name>
<name sortKey="Ordovas, Laura" sort="Ordovas, Laura" uniqKey="Ordovas L" first="Laura" last="Ordovàs">Laura Ordovàs</name>
<name sortKey="Ordovas, Laura" sort="Ordovas, Laura" uniqKey="Ordovas L" first="Laura" last="Ordovàs">Laura Ordovàs</name>
<name sortKey="Raitano, Susanna" sort="Raitano, Susanna" uniqKey="Raitano S" first="Susanna" last="Raitano">Susanna Raitano</name>
<name sortKey="T Th, Balazs I" sort="T Th, Balazs I" uniqKey="T Th B" first="Balazs I." last="T Th">Balazs I. T Th</name>
<name sortKey="Van Damme, Philip" sort="Van Damme, Philip" uniqKey="Van Damme P" first="Philip" last="Van Damme">Philip Van Damme</name>
<name sortKey="Van Damme, Philip" sort="Van Damme, Philip" uniqKey="Van Damme P" first="Philip" last="Van Damme">Philip Van Damme</name>
<name sortKey="Van Damme, Philip" sort="Van Damme, Philip" uniqKey="Van Damme P" first="Philip" last="Van Damme">Philip Van Damme</name>
<name sortKey="Van Damme, Philip" sort="Van Damme, Philip" uniqKey="Van Damme P" first="Philip" last="Van Damme">Philip Van Damme</name>
<name sortKey="Van Den Bosch, Ludo" sort="Van Den Bosch, Ludo" uniqKey="Van Den Bosch L" first="Ludo" last="Van Den Bosch">Ludo Van Den Bosch</name>
<name sortKey="Van Den Bosch, Ludo" sort="Van Den Bosch, Ludo" uniqKey="Van Den Bosch L" first="Ludo" last="Van Den Bosch">Ludo Van Den Bosch</name>
<name sortKey="Van Den Bosch, Ludo" sort="Van Den Bosch, Ludo" uniqKey="Van Den Bosch L" first="Ludo" last="Van Den Bosch">Ludo Van Den Bosch</name>
<name sortKey="Vandenberghe, Rik" sort="Vandenberghe, Rik" uniqKey="Vandenberghe R" first="Rik" last="Vandenberghe">Rik Vandenberghe</name>
<name sortKey="Vandenberghe, Rik" sort="Vandenberghe, Rik" uniqKey="Vandenberghe R" first="Rik" last="Vandenberghe">Rik Vandenberghe</name>
<name sortKey="Vandenberghe, Rik" sort="Vandenberghe, Rik" uniqKey="Vandenberghe R" first="Rik" last="Vandenberghe">Rik Vandenberghe</name>
<name sortKey="Vanderhaeghen, Pierre" sort="Vanderhaeghen, Pierre" uniqKey="Vanderhaeghen P" first="Pierre" last="Vanderhaeghen">Pierre Vanderhaeghen</name>
<name sortKey="Vanderhaeghen, Pierre" sort="Vanderhaeghen, Pierre" uniqKey="Vanderhaeghen P" first="Pierre" last="Vanderhaeghen">Pierre Vanderhaeghen</name>
<name sortKey="Vanderhaeghen, Pierre" sort="Vanderhaeghen, Pierre" uniqKey="Vanderhaeghen P" first="Pierre" last="Vanderhaeghen">Pierre Vanderhaeghen</name>
<name sortKey="Vanderhaeghen, Pierre" sort="Vanderhaeghen, Pierre" uniqKey="Vanderhaeghen P" first="Pierre" last="Vanderhaeghen">Pierre Vanderhaeghen</name>
<name sortKey="Vanderhaeghen, Pierre" sort="Vanderhaeghen, Pierre" uniqKey="Vanderhaeghen P" first="Pierre" last="Vanderhaeghen">Pierre Vanderhaeghen</name>
<name sortKey="Vanuytsel, Kim" sort="Vanuytsel, Kim" uniqKey="Vanuytsel K" first="Kim" last="Vanuytsel">Kim Vanuytsel</name>
<name sortKey="Vanuytsel, Kim" sort="Vanuytsel, Kim" uniqKey="Vanuytsel K" first="Kim" last="Vanuytsel">Kim Vanuytsel</name>
<name sortKey="Verfaillie, Catherine M" sort="Verfaillie, Catherine M" uniqKey="Verfaillie C" first="Catherine M." last="Verfaillie">Catherine M. Verfaillie</name>
<name sortKey="Verfaillie, Catherine M" sort="Verfaillie, Catherine M" uniqKey="Verfaillie C" first="Catherine M." last="Verfaillie">Catherine M. Verfaillie</name>
<name sortKey="Voets, Thomas" sort="Voets, Thomas" uniqKey="Voets T" first="Thomas" last="Voets">Thomas Voets</name>
</country>
<country name="Allemagne">
<region name="Bade-Wurtemberg">
<name sortKey="Cathomen, Toni" sort="Cathomen, Toni" uniqKey="Cathomen T" first="Toni" last="Cathomen">Toni Cathomen</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Cathomen, Toni" sort="Cathomen, Toni" uniqKey="Cathomen T" first="Toni" last="Cathomen">Toni Cathomen</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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